Pregnancy guide: trying to get pregnant and early pregnancy
Pregnancy guide, grouped by topic: trying to get pregnant, cycles and ovulation, male fertility, preparing for pregnancy and early pregnancy. Each guide names the medical sources it draws on and lists them in full at the end.
Trying to conceive Cycles and ovulation Male fertility Preparing for pregnancy Early pregnancy
Trying to conceive
6 guides-
Age and fertility The chance of pregnancy per cycle falls from about 1 in 4 in the 20s to about 1 in 10 by 40 (ACOG), and men are affected too.
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Chances of getting pregnant each cycle and how long it takes Chances of getting pregnant are about 1 in 4 per cycle in the 20s and early 30s (ACOG). How the odds add up, and how long conception usually takes.
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How to get pregnant fast When to have sex, how often, the health steps ACOG and the NHS recommend before trying, and how long to try before asking for help.
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PCOS and pregnancy How PCOS affects ovulation, the treatments guidelines list for getting pregnant, and the extra checks advised once you are pregnant.
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Secondary infertility How it is defined, how common it is, and when guidance suggests an evaluation.
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When to see a doctor about fertility US guidance says after 12 months of trying, 6 months from 35, and before trying over 40. How UK guidance differs.
Cycles and ovulation
12 guides-
Basal body temperature Basal body temperature rises after ovulation, so a chart confirms ovulation after the event. How the rise works, how to chart it, and where it misleads.
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Can you get pregnant on your period? It is unlikely but possible. What fertile-window studies show for sex during, right after and right before a period.
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Cervical mucus Cervical mucus, or ovulation discharge, turns clear, slippery and stretchy in the days before ovulation. What the change means and what else can alter it.
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Follicular phase The part of the cycle from your period to ovulation, what happens in it and why it is the phase that makes cycle lengths differ.
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Irregular periods What counts as irregular, the common causes the NHS and ACOG list, when to see a doctor, and what irregular cycles mean for pregnancy.
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Luteal phase The days from ovulation to your period, how long it usually lasts, the symptoms linked to it and what a short luteal phase means.
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Menstrual cycle phases The menstrual, follicular, ovulation and luteal phases, the hormones behind each, and how long each one really lasts.
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Most fertile days Most fertile days are the six days ending on ovulation, with the highest chance in the last two or three. The signs that show when you are ovulating.
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Ovulation and irregular periods when trying to conceive Why the timing is harder to predict, and what US and UK guidance says if you are trying to get pregnant.
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Ovulation pain (mittelschmerz) One-sided pain around ovulation. How it feels, how long it lasts, and the signs that mean you should get help.
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Ovulation predictor kits and the LH surge they detect Ovulation predictor kits detect the LH surge that comes one to two days before ovulation. How they work, when to start testing and how accurate they are.
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Ovulation symptoms The signs of ovulation that ACOG and the NHS list, which ones come before ovulation, which come after and how reliable each is.
Male fertility
5 guides-
Azoospermia Azoospermia means no sperm is found in the semen. Obstructive and non-obstructive types, how it is diagnosed, and the routes to parenthood that remain.
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Low sperm count (oligospermia) Low sperm count means fewer than 16 million sperm per mL in the WHO 2021 limits. What that means for conceiving, the known causes, and what happens next.
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Male fertility Male fertility is involved in 40 to 50 in 100 cases of couple infertility. The main causes, the first test, and when US and UK guidance suggest an assessment.
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Semen analysis results and the WHO 2021 reference limits What each measure means, how to prepare, and why one low result is not a diagnosis.
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Sperm health and the lifestyle factors with measured effects What studies found for smoking, weight, alcohol, heat and steroids, and how strong each finding is.
Preparing for pregnancy
4 guides-
Folic acid for pregnancy The daily amount the CDC, NHS and USPSTF advise, when to start and stop, who is told to take a higher dose, and why it matters.
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Preconception checkup What ACOG and the CDC say is reviewed before pregnancy, from medicines and vaccines to family history, and how the NHS approach differs.
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Preconception health What US and UK guidance advises on alcohol, smoking, weight, medicines, supplements and male health.
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Prenatal vitamins The nutrients US and UK guidance names (folic acid, vitamin D, iron), what to avoid, and a label checklist. No brand rankings.
Early pregnancy
23 guides-
Braxton Hicks When they start, what they feel like, how they differ from labor, and the signs the NHS and NLM say need a call.
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Cramping in early pregnancy Cramping in early pregnancy is common, the NHS says, but some pain needs urgent care. How it compares with period cramps, and the signs to act on.
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Due date based on ultrasound How a dating scan measures the embryo, when its date replaces the one from your last period, and how the UK and US differ.
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Early pregnancy symptoms Early pregnancy symptoms usually start at 4 to 6 weeks. The signs of pregnancy the NHS and Mayo Clinic list, when they begin, and when to get help.
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Embryo transfer What happens on the day, day 3 and day 5 transfers, how many embryos are transferred, and when the pregnancy test is usually done.
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Estimated due date Estimated due date is 280 days from your last period unless a scan or IVF sets another. How it is worked out, how few babies arrive on it, and why it moves.
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Estimated gestational age Estimated gestational age is counted from the first day of your last period, not from conception. How the weeks are set and how they differ from fetal age.
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Faint positive pregnancy test What US health bodies say a faint line usually means, how an evaporation line differs, and when to test again.
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First trimester How the weeks are counted and when implantation, a missed period, the booking visit and the dating scan fall.
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Frozen embryo transfer Natural and medicated cycles, the steps from thaw to transfer, how many embryos are used, and when to test.
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Gestational diabetes test Who is offered one, when (usually 24 to 28 weeks), and how the glucose challenge and tolerance tests work in the US and UK.
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hCG levels hCG levels are the amount of the pregnancy hormone in blood or urine. When it appears, why published ranges are wide and why sources differ on doubling.
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How soon can you take a pregnancy test? From the first day of a missed period, the NHS says, or 21 days after sex. How early tests work and when to retest.
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Hyperemesis gravidarum (HG) Hyperemesis gravidarum (HG) is severe sickness in pregnancy, affecting up to 3 in 100. How it differs from morning sickness and the signs that need care.
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Implantation bleeding vs a period, and when to get help Implantation bleeding is light spotting when the egg attaches, 6 to 12 days after ovulation. How the NHS and ACOG describe it, and when bleeding needs advice.
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Pregnancy trimesters Which weeks fall in the first, second and third trimester according to ACOG, the NHS and the Office on Women's Health, side by side.
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Pregnancy week by week What the NHS, NICE, ACOG and the CDC say about development, checks and appointments, with sources on every page.
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Pregnancy weeks to months 40 weeks is about 9.2 calendar months and 29 weeks is in the 7th. A conversion table, and how ACOG, NHS and US trimesters differ.
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Second trimester When it starts and ends by ACOG, NHS and US government counts, the scans and tests usually offered, and how the baby develops.
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Spotting during pregnancy ACOG says bleeding happens in 15 to 25 in 100 first trimesters. What the NHS says can cause it, and when to get urgent help.
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Third trimester When it starts (week 28 or 29, depending on the source), the appointments and tests usually offered, and how the baby grows to full term.
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When does implantation occur? Usually 8 to 10 days after ovulation, within 6 to 12. What research says about implantation symptoms and implantation cramps.
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When does morning sickness start, and when does it end? When does morning sickness start? Usually before 9 weeks, ACOG says, easing by 14 to 20. Timing from the NHS and ACOG, and when sickness needs help (HG).